Obesity And Its Effects On Children - 1643 Words

Obesity costs Canada billions of dollars in health care per year (Tran, Ohinmaa, Kuhle, Johnson, Veugelers, 2014). Obesity impacts individual’s ability to participate in and contribute to society fully due to the psychological and physical consequences, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and some types of cancers (Tran et al., 2014). Risk factors for obesity include poor eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle (Tran et al., 2014). In an Alberta based study looking at the impact of school-based programming in preventing childhood obesity, Tran et al. (2014) predicted two thirds of current Canadian youth are likely to become overweight or obese at some point in their lives and found promotion of healthy eating and active living is most effective in childhood, as it has the potential to create healthier lifestyle choices that persist into adulthood. In addition, comprehensive education about healthy eating and active living benefits children long term by increasing levels of knowledge, improving attitudes, promoting self-efficacy, and enhancing leadership skills related to making healthy choices (Tran et al., 2014). Fostering healthy eating and active living through school-based education has the potential to save the nation millions of dollars in health care costs in the years to come (Tran et al., 2014). In accordance with Alberta Education’s Health and Life Skills Guide, this presentation addresses guideline W-6.5, which mandates students in grade sixShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Obesity On Children And Children1381 Words   |  6 Pagesaround. The children would regularly play all day long without being asked; however, nowadays the young children aren t playing enough themselves and the children need their peers to tell them to go play outside. The peers would need need to promote the children with resources to keep them moving. As a matter of fact, the lack of exercise is a major problem, and it is increasing each year; especially, the rate of disease that were found in young adults can now be found in young children because ofRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Children1558 Words   |  7 PagesObesity is one of the several major public health issues that researchers attempt to find interventions for. Prevalence of obesity has been increasing throughout the years, especially in children. If prevalence and incidence of obesity continues to increase in children, long term illnesses start producing, which can hinder an individual’s life span. In addition to chronic illnesses being produced, obesity can also hinder the social and psychological wellbeing. As children are growing with obesityRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On Children s Obesity Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesChild Obesity Having obese children is a problem. The question resumes, why? Are children less active? Are they not eating the right things? Or are they a product of their parents lifestyle? Whatever the answer maybe, we must find it quick. Obesity in children Is becoming an epidemic. And the African American population is leading the way. According to WE Can!, a program of the National Institutes of health 31.7 percent of children between the age of 2-19 years old are overweight or obese. IncludingRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On Children s Children1384 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper: Effects of Obesity in Children â€Å"From small fries to BIG MAC’s† America, home of the brave, land of the free and plagued with obesity. For many years this country has fallen victim to obesity and the many effects that it has as a direct result. America has become the fattest nation in the world even though it is more advanced than most countries. We as Americans tend to consume whatever we want whenever we want and this has begun to affect our future. The children of America haveRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Children1500 Words   |  6 PagesObesity can affect everyone and anyone and affecting nearly 25% of all North American children. It can affect one during childhood or adulthood and sometimes their whole lives if their illness is never treated during childhood. Childhood obesity has tripled in the past 30 years. In 1980, the obesity rate of 6-11 year olds was 6.5%, in 2008 had tripled to 19.6%. For toddlers and preschoolers aged 2-5, the obesity levels have risen from 5% to 12.4% in the same amount of time. (Spark, 2010). ChildrenRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Children1011 Words   |  5 Pages 1. Obesity and overweight [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; [updated 2009; cited 2009 Jun 26]. Available from: http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/facts/obesity/en/print.html 2. Jolliffe D. Extent of overweight among US children and adolescents from 1971 to 2000. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004;28:4–9. [PubMed] 3. Lobstein T, Frelut ML. Prevalence of overweight among children in Europe. Obes Rev. 2003;4:195–200 [PubMed] 4. Wang Y, Monteiro C, Popkin BM. Trends of obesity and underweightRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Children1702 Words   |  7 Pagesthe goal is to understand why educational implications of this topic. Understanding the role sugar has in adhd is important because it gives caregivers, teachers and researchers, ways of approaching children with this disorder and helps them to develop a better system of handling them so that children are benefited. Furthermore, it helps to understand the impact of diet on adhd. Maladaptive behavior such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in adolescents and can continueRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Children1006 Words   |  5 PagesOne in three children in American is overweight. Over consumption of fatty foods combined with a lack of exercise brings on problems that are to be best avoided. Obesity in children can cause issues such as restricting regular bodily movement, all the way to heightened risk of death from stroke or diabetes. Stroke, the third leading cause of death in the U.S (Stroke Statistics) as well as diabetes, affecting 29.1 million people, (Diabetes Statistics Report) are problems that need to be addressedRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children1188 Words   |  5 Pagesbehaviors adopted by children affect their mental and physical health. Studies have shown that there is a link between what children see in advertisements and the lifestyle choices they make. Studies also showed that children who viewed advertisements showing healthy eating were more likely to engage in healthy eating habits (Carter and Maria). There are large amounts of advertisements for foods and drinks high in fat and sugar. Many studies show that there is a link between childhood obesity and advertisingRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effect On Children1273 Words   |  6 Pagesincline, childhood obesity is one of the most important issue. Often times, parents are willing to do anything for their child with the idea that it is â€Å"healthy.† When they figure out that not everything is healthy, some even take efforts to sue the company. Parents do not realize the underlying factors that cause this type of obesity. Childhood obesity can be a result of many factors in this upcoming society. Many consider genetics and hormonal development as a proof for childhood obesity. However, that

Essay Conflicts on a Thing of Beauty and Sorry Wrong Number

Matilda Tan (29) 2E3 Word Count: 1,699 Explain how conflict is portrayed in Sorry, Wrong Number and another drama you have studied this semester. Which one has a greater impact on and why? In Sorry, Wrong Number and A Thing of Beauty, there are four conflicts that can be seen, internal, how a character struggles with himself or herself, relational, between two peoples, societal, between a character and a group and situational, conflict with a certain situation. Internal conflict is portrayed when the character, Mrs. Stevenson, is struggling with herself. When Mrs. Stevenson heard the sound of the phone receiver being lifted on the same extension line as her, â€Å"(Click of receiver being put down on Mrs. Stevenson’s line)† She was attempting†¦show more content†¦When the Colonel said, â€Å"You’ve won the point, but I’ve won my bet†, Sister Benedicta’s reply, â€Å"Bet, Colonel?† suggests that she is evading the Colonel’s questions cunningly. The relational conflict that had more impact on me was Sorry Wrong Number. It shows that deep down, way deep down, maybe humans may not be such terrible beings. We maybe misguided, or blinded by our greed in this case but we still have this tiny speck of kindness in us. Societal conflict is portrayed when Mrs. Stevenson is struggling with a group of people. Mrs. Stevenson is seen getting frustrated and irritated when she is talking to the Operators and Chief Operator. It is clear that she is trying her best to keep herself calm, and is trying to reason it out with them. As she talks to the different Operators, a common trait is found, she is trying very hard to get her pleas through them. The more she talks to the Operators and Chief Operator, the angrier, frustrated and annoyed she got by the fact that they could not do a simple thing like tracing a call. Mrs. Stevenson is said â€Å"(Sarcastically) Thank you† to the first Operator, is â€Å"(angrily)† talking to the Operator and after the Operator is not able to get to the two murderers. Thus, we can see that they are having troubles inShow MoreRelatedModule a Clemmance - Distinctive Voices Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender1687 Words   |  7 PagesHSC STUDY BUDDY 1 Module A –Distinctive Voices Essay Question: Compare the ways distinctive voices are created in ‘The Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender’ and in ONE other related text of your own choosing. As language lies at the core of communication, composers are given the opportunity to use and manipulate written language through the vehicle of distinctive voicesshaping meaning and understanding of the wider world and people within a text. A great range of language techniques are used in my prescribedRead MoreCleanth Brookss Essay Irony as a Principle of Structure9125 Words   |  37 PagesHistory and Class Consciousness Preface THE collection and publication of these essays in book form is not intended to give them a greater importance as a whole than would be due to each individually. For the most part they are attempts, arising out of actual work for the party, to clarify the theoretical problems of the revolutionary movement in the mind ,of the author and his readers. The exceptions to this are the two essays Reification and the Consciousness of the Proletariat and Towards a MethodologyRead MoreAnne of Green Gables: Personality and Destiny9447 Words   |  38 Pagesher grandmother died in 1911 , she get married with Reverend Ewan MacDonald, a Presbyterian Minister . Lucy Maud Montgomery was a very prolific writer and she published over 500 short stories, many poems, and twenty novels, as well as journals, essays, autobiography and letters. Today, Montgomerys novels, journals, letters, short stories, and poems are still read and studied by general readers and scholars from around the world. Among her most famous writing is the Anne series, consisting of eightRead MoreFlowers for Algernon6322 Words   |  26 Pagesa good candidate for the experiment? | The doctors are looking for a subject that has a low I.Q., but is willing to work. On page 36, Charlie mentions that he â€Å"felt proud when he [Dr. Strauss] said that not everybody with an eye-q of 68 had that thing [motivation].† The doctor’s mention of apathy and being uncooperative are directly related to motivation. They need a patient that has motivation because they are going to complete many tests on the subject and they are going to monitor intellectualRead More65 Succe ssful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 PagesGRIFFIN NEW YORK 65 SUCCESSFUL HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL APPLICATION ESSAYS, SECOND EDITION. Copyright  © 2009 byThe Harbus News Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. For-information, address St. Martins Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010. www.stmartins.com Library of Congress Cataloging...in..Publication Data 65 successful Harvard Business -School application essays : with analysis by the staff of The Harbus, the Harvard Business School newspaperRead MoreSummary of She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways11655 Words   |  47 PagesWordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge that was both Wordsworths first major publication and a milestone in the early English Romantic movement.[A 1] In the series, Wordsworth sought to write unaffected English verse infused with abstract ideals of beauty, nature, love, longing and death. The poems were written during a short period while the poet lived in Germany. Although they individually deal with a variety of themes, as a series they focus on the poets longing for the company of his friend ColeridgeRead MoreSAT Top 30 Essay Evidence18536 Words   |  75 PagesP age |1 Top 30 Examples to Use as SAT Essay Evidence An exclusive special report from eSATPrepTips.com By Christian Heath P age |2 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 4 Adventurers and Explorers: Amelia Earhart (Female Aviation Pioneer) ................................................................................................ 5 ChristopherRead MoreThe Function of Criticism at the Present Time12631 Words   |  51 Pages..............................................................1 i THE FUNCTION OF CRITICISM AT THE PRESENT TIME Matthew Arnold This page copyright  © 2001 Blackmask Online. http://www.blackmask.com Our antagonist is our helper. This amicable conflict with difficulty obliges us to an intimate acquaintance with our object, and compels us to consider it in all its relations. It will not suffer us to be superficial.−−BURKE. THE FUNCTION OF CRITICISM AT THE PRESENT TIME. MANY objections have beenRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagesthe infested areas around the world. There was problem about fleeing from infested areas. Everywhere was infested. There was no where anyone could go without encountering the walking plague. You know that phrase War is Hell? Well... its dead wrong. War at least has some organization to it. What was faced in the last days... by last days I mean the last days of civilization not life; itself. What was faced was hell. Everyone went ape shit insane. Everyone was killing and raping each other intoRead MoreMastering Graduate Studies 1e32499 Words   |  130 Pagesoverall purpose. A graduate degree will move you beyond what you do to who you are. 1 Chapter 1: Academic and Career Path â€Å"Making a living and having a life are not the same thing. Making a living and making a life that’s worthwhile are not the same thing. Living the good life and living a good life are not the same thing. A job title doesn’t even come close to answering the question, ‘What do you do?’† (Fulghum, 1991). Find Your Purpose To find your purpose is to break the bonds of contentment

Importance of Goal Hood Foundation †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Goal Hood Foundation. Answer: Introduction The importance of goal setting can be defined using Edwin Lockes goal setting theory of motivation. According to the theory, setting goals is directly related to the motivation, focus and the eventual achievement of said goals(Akdeniz, 2015). Some of the essentials of goal setting as defined by the theory include the willingness to work towards the achievement of the goal; the prominence of concise and difficult goals over easy ones, the availability of deadlines and checkpoints to keep track of progress, and finally the goal should be realistic but still pose considerable challenge. This essay aims at discussing the process through which this semesters set goal was attained. The goal was to reach a GPA of 3.5 at the end of the semester. Discuss the goal that you set for yourself and how you reached it. Education is often considered as a success enabler. Learning various concepts equips students to assess the opportunities availed by various sectors in life; as well as take advantage of them towards the achievement of their set goals(The Heal The Hood Foundation Of Memphis, 2010). Consequently, success in education is viewed as a stepping stone towards success in life; thus it is the desire of every student to attain exemplary grades as a way of enriching ones future. In line with this, the subject goal for the semester is to attain a grade of no less than 3.5 GPA. The main strategy used to attain the aforementioned goal is to develop a self-assessment regime. The strategy involved understanding which units worked as strengths and which ones were more challenging. After this, the regime included perfecting my strengths while working to improve the most challenging aspects. The development of proper time management strategies complemented the self-assessment regime. The self-assessment regime made it clear that I am good at theoretical concepts rather than mathematical ones. Therefore, it made more sense to perfect all theory based units and attain the best possible grade. On the other hand, I resolved to work on the mathematical concepts to raise the potential to attain a good grade. On the time management factor, a timetable was developed with more time allocations for the mathematical units. Collectively, this provided a better chance of attaining the 3.5 GPA Discuss any challenges you faced pursuing this goal and how you overcame these challenges Other than the introduction of major concepts that were difficult to understand, the most notable challenge was the demand for large independent research. The broad nature of most units required extensive research; therefore putting a strain on the time required to study. How does the new growth you achieved help you in your professional career or future goals? Professionally, the growth has developed crucial personal traits such as resilience and independence which are crucial in career development. Further, interaction within the school set up offered exposure to differing perceptions and cultures. Thus, I am in a better position to handle interpersonal skills within a workplace set up. Discuss how your knowledge and understanding of the Myers-Briggs characteristics may have been a part of helping you reach your goals. The Myers-Briggs characteristics assist in the understanding of ones personality(Gardner, Jewler, Barefoot, 2008). Understanding that I am highly perceptive, assertive, intuitive and inclined to thinking was instrumental in the development of my study regime. Further, the Myers-Briggs characteristics are even more instrumental in the development of relationships and interpersonal interactions. Understanding my extrovert nature was useful in the handling of group discussions that were necessary for better understanding of concepts. References Akdeniz, C. (2015). Financial Goal Setting Explained. Bad Bodendorf: Can Akdeniz. Gardner, J. N., Jewler, A. J., Barefoot, B. O. (2008). Your College Experience: Strategies for Success. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. The Heal The Hood Foundation Of Memphis. (2010). How the Hood Was Healed: A Non-fictional Depicting Of An Urban Based Movement. Xlibris Corporation.

The Traditional Industry of Coconut Oil Essay Example

The Traditional Industry of Coconut Oil Essay The Traditional Industry of Manufacturing Coconut Oil: Opportunities to increase productivity and enhance the product and process quality Abstract The main purpose of this study is to discuss how an existing traditional/indigenous industry of the village can be made more competitive business to suit present context of business by introducing feasible technologies to increase productivity and enhance the product and process quality with the use of the entrepreneurial skills and knowledge on engineering business. To accomplish this first of all it is necessary to identify such a traditional/indigenous industry of the village and study its indigenous technologies that are being used at the moment. There the traditional coconut oil industry has been selected and discussed its existing technology and ways to increase productivity and enhance the product and process quality. However there are many more things await which can be used to the development of the industry. Therefore if certain actions are taken on behalf of development of this industry the traditional coconut oil industry will act a major role among the money spinning industries of Sri Lanka. We will write a custom essay sample on The Traditional Industry of Coconut Oil specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Traditional Industry of Coconut Oil specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Traditional Industry of Coconut Oil specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But today Sri Lanka has fallen into a very pathetic situation where we import coconut from India. It is due to the very poor attention we have had on it. However Coconut plantations are concentrated in the south of the Northwestern province and in the north of the Western province, named the â€Å"coconut triangle†, though it is grown in home gardens and in isolated plots in other parts of the country. A major portion of average annual coconut crop production is directly used for domestic consumption (for cooking purposes). The rest is mainly used by two industries, namely DC and the rest for producing coconut oil. Coconut oil is the most consuming natural oil in Sri Lanka. Coconut oil is used for cooking, making Ayurveda medicine and for many more domestic and industrial applications. Since coconut oil acts a major role in Sri Lankan market. Studying about Sri Lankan traditional coconut oil industry and trying to develop it, is also important. Both supply and demand constraints have resulted in under capacity operation in most coconut oil factories and, hence, less profits. The cost of the raw material, coconut, is responsible for a major portion of the total cost. Therefore, the price of coconut, which is dependent on many factors, such as the supply situation (which depends on weather conditions and seasons), the demand of the coconut oil industry and, to a lesser extent, the export price of DC, has a significant influence on the cost of production. For its survival and growth, the coconut oil industry has to implement cost cutting measures by improved process efficiencies, such as energy conservation and management, and adopting cleaner production technologies. Only a very few studies are available on the energy use, pollution generation and other related issues of the Sri Lankan coconut oil manufacturing sector. The objective of this report is to describe briefly the production process and techniques, type of fuels used, energy use pattern and pollution generation. Options to improve the energy efficiency, productivity, enhance the product and process quality and minimize the negative environmental effects of coconut oil manufacturing industries in Sri Lanka are then discussed. 2. Raw materials and machines In the coconut oil industry seasoned coconuts (coconut kernels) are used as the main raw material. In addition to that firewood is used as fuel to dry coconut kernels. A burner which dries coconut by hot air uses this firewood. Additionally a cutting machine employs to shred coconut kernels and an oil mill employs to grind and press shredded and dried coconut kernels to get coconut oil. 1. Tray type dryer Tray dryers are industrial devices using heat to dry a large amount of flat trays at one time. The processed trays contain shredded coconut kernels. The dryer uses warm, dry air forced through blowers in a sealed area. Tray dryers are essentially large wooden cabinets. Inside the cabinet notches hold trays in place while they dry. Once loaded with trays, the cabinet doors close and forced hot air does the drying. The simple design of tray dryer makes it easy to operate. 2. Oil mill In the oil mill there is a cone shaped container where shredded and dried coconut kernels are comprised. Two metal tubes where one goes through the other are connected to the bottom of this container. The inner tube rotates and shredded coconut kernels flows between the outer and inner tubes where the gap between these two tubes can be adjusted which means the pressure applies on shredded coconut kernel can be adjusted. There are screw cuts on the body of inner tube which make it possible to flow shredded coconut kernels in a certain direction. The outer tube contains two holes at the bottom and the top of the remote end of it, from the container. The bottom hole is covered with a crannied filter which is connected to another small tube which carries out coconut oil from the oil mill. The upper hole provides a way to oil cake to come out from the oil mill. 3. Process and techniques The process of manufacturing coconut oil begins with removing the husks of seasoned coconuts manually. Then it needs to remove the shells and to pair and split manually. At the next stage coconut kernels are washed manually. Then with the above mentioned cutting machine coconut kernels are shredded. After that these shredded coconut kernels are dried in a tray type drier by using hot air provides from a burner which burns firewood. When these shredded coconut kernels are dried into a satisfactory amount they are grinded and pressed with a certain amount of pressure which is provided by the oil mill and it supplies filtered coconut oil as the output. There oil cake is produced as a byproduct. This byproduct is used again in the oil mill and it is subjected to a higher pressure to get oil. Like this same process continues for two, three times with same oil cake. Then the oil produced by the oil mill is collected in barrels. These oil barrels are released to the market. 4. Losses of energy The high thermal energy consumption in drying stage is due to the inefficiencies and large thermal energy losses. And these energy losses are mainly due to wastage of thermal energy to the environment as the wooden cabinets are not fully sealed. In the same time as the tray type dryer does not have sensors to indicate when shredded coconut kernels are completely dried, blowers can continue heating the cabinet even after these shredded coconut kernels have completely dried. The tray type drier consumes more energy than advanced continuous dryers and takes a longer drying time. Incomplete combustion of firewood and low efficiency of burners in wood fired burners also reduce the overall efficiency of the whole system. 5. Related environmental pollution Two types of waste, liquid and solid, are generated, apart from the gases produced during the combustion process of fuel. The main waste is the coconut water (sap), which is mixed with normal washing water and discharged, with a little treatment, to neighboring lands and water bodies, causing severe environmental damages to vegetation, ground water resources and water bodies. The only treatment done is the removal of oil sludge after allowing the wastewater to be retained in open pits for some time. This sludge is sold as a lubricant to the tile industry. In this kind of traditional coconut oil manufacturing industries, where firewood is used to generate hot air, wood ash is a waste product. These ash stocks are dumped on the industry premises itself. The industry is saddled with a local environmental problem due to the large quantities of wastewater that have to be discharged. Wastewater has high concentrations of biodegradable compounds, including carbohydrates, oil and grease. A traditional factory usually discharges wastewater, consisting of both coconut sap and wash water. At the time the industry was set up pollution was not a major concern, and the industry enjoyed the freedom to discharge wastewater without being resisted either by neighboring dwellers or by environmental authorities. With the increase of settlements near factories and also with the imposition of discharge standards, the industry is forced to find a lasting solution. 1. Greenhouse gases and other emissions The gaseous emissions of the coconut oil industry due to the combustion of firewood have been estimated as: CO2, CO, SO2, NO2. On the other hand, though the coconut shell is a solid waste in the process of coconut oil manufacturing, as it is either sold to charcoal manufacturers or burned within the premises to make charcoal. Also the role of coconut shells sums up with an environmental pollution. 6. Improving energy efficiency, productivity, product quality and environmental friendliness Though the industry is economically important, it has to struggle for its survival due to supply and demand constraints, process deficiencies and inefficiencies arising from technology obsolescence, escalating input costs and, more importantly, the environmental challenges. Some of them indeed are beyond the control of the industry. Some options available to the industry are described below: 1. Energy efficiency options Energy efficiency can be improved by adopting better operational and housekeeping practices and using energy efficiency dryers. In traditional mills, Several sensors which deliver information about the moisture level inside the dryer cabinet can be employed to make sure that the shredded coconut kernels are not unnecessarily heated. Better operation and maintenance of existing equipment, such as improvement in the performance of tray type dryer by reducing its idling time. Operating at rated capacity and controlling the quantity and temperature of the supplied air and residence time can reduce energy use. Insulation of dryer and reduction in loading/unloading time of coconut meat can help achieving further energy savings. Waste heat recovery can be another important means to reuse heat fuel consumption is possible by installation of suitable waste heat recovery systems. An important source of waste heat recovery is dryer flue gas. The recovered heat can be employed in the same path to improve the efficiency. Making sure that the tray dryer cabinet is fully sealed by coating it with clay is another aspect to recover heat wastage. To avoid contamination, the flue gas should not come into direct contact with the coconut meat. In order to accomplish this purpose several filters can be used to filter the flue gas. Another way of energy saving is possible by changing from the traditional tray type dryer to a fluidized bed dryer. This would also result in the reduction of CO2 and CO emission by a considerable amount. 2. Use of coconut shells in industry A large number of coconut shells are made available as a byproduct of the coconut oil industry. Most of them are burned in open pits to produce charcoal for the activated carbon industry. This process emits a lot of harmful gases, creating severe environmental problems. If efficient carbonization of coconut shells were adopted, the waste heat of the process could be used for generating hot air, and the environmental hazard could be eliminated. This is an ideal option for an traditional coconut oil industry that need to be modernized, and though the cost of the coconut shell carbonization system is relatively much higher this will reduce the fuel consumption of the burner and, at the same time, produce charcoal out of coconut shells. There is also further development and improvements. The improvements could be done in all three stages, which consist of shell burning, waste heat recovery and using the heat in dryers. 3. Uses of other byproducts The oil cake obtained as a byproduct will find a ready market as a cattle feed and in the manufacture of mixed cattle feeds or as a raw material for the extraction of remaining oil by solvent extraction method. Therefore through oil cake an extra profit can be gained easily. 4. Wastewater treatment A pilot wastewater treatment plant can be built in near the traditional coconut oil manufacturing factory using an anaerobic digestion system. This had been earlier developed and tested in the laboratory by the National Engineering Research and Development Centre (NERD). It is expected that the BOD and COD levels of the wastewater after treatment will be reduced to acceptable limits, and the biogas generated will find useful applications (to supplement dryer fuel, lighting, water boiling etc. ) within the factory. However, in order to reduce the initial investment of the treatment plants the wastewater generated needs to be reduced by separating the coconut sap from the wash water. Positive results of this plant will benefit not only the coconut oil industry in overcoming their pollution problems but also the people living in the vicinity of traditional coconut oil manufacturing factory who have been suffering from the environmental degradation. 5. Awaiting applications for sap No organized attempts have been made to identify new applications for coconut sap so that its value can be upgraded instead of trying to treat it s a waste product. Therefore, it is suggested to explore the possibility of converting the liquid effluent to a consumable product. The sap contains 1. 5% fat and very valuable minerals, such as iron, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and small quantities of phosphorous. There is a considerable market for coconut water based products, for example, in Taiwan, and the techno logy is available in the Philippines, Thailand and China. Promotion of technology transfer through joint ventures and local research and development works could, thus, reduce waste and increase profits. 7. Conclusion and Recommendations Beyond doubt, the traditional coconut oil industry is one of the nationally important indigenous industries of Sri Lanka. Therefore, it is the responsibility of all stakeholders to contribute to the sustainability of the industry. Though coconut oil industry production is not very energy intensive, the energy use influences the overall efficiency of the coconut oil industry operation and the cost of production. For the Sri Lankan coconut oil industry sector to be competitive in the global market, measures to reduce energy consumption would help to reduce the cost of production and generation of pollutants. On the part of the industry, all measures should be taken to improve the process efficiencies by acquiring new technologies and through better energy management practices in order to enhance the overall productivity of the operation. Implementation of energy saving devices and better energy management may lead to a reduction of CO2 emission and also reduce the cost of environmental cleanup. Research and development organizations should work with the industry to identify technology gaps and to suggest solutions. The government also has to play a key role in funding the research and development activities, as the industry alone may not be able to bear the full cost due to the high risk of such activities. Once a technology is identified or developed and if it is economically feasible, industry should come forward to embrace such technologies. In the case of environmental protection technologies, industry should even be prepared to forego some of its profits as a responsible stratum of the society. In this process, the government could create a conducive and enabling environment by utting in place the right policies. Recognition of the industry for its economic contribution and eliminating policy biases, if any, against the industry are also vital for its sustainability. 8. References 1) Coconut Kernel Products: Coconut Oil The Coconut Development Authority (CDA) of Sri Lanka 2) Types of Tray Dryer by Benjamin Arie, eHow Contributor 3) Desiccated coconut industry of Sri Lanka by S. Kumar, G. Senanayake, C. Visvanathan and B. Basu 4) Anaerobic wastewater treatment: Anaerobic wastewater treatment for industrial and domestic wastewater by Wim Wiegant PhD and Nico Groeneveld MSc ) Water Quality Indicators: BOD and COD by Milton Beychok 6) Waste heat from coconut shell carbonization DFID Project 6087, co-funded with the Common Fund for Commodities 9. Appendix ? BOD and COD Both the BOD and COD tests are a measure of the relative oxygen-depletion effect of a waste contaminant. Both have been widely adopted as a measure of pollution effect. The BOD test measures the oxygen demand of biodegradable pollutants whereas the COD test measures the oxygen demand of bio gradable pollutants plus the oxygen demand of non-biodegradable oxidizable pollutants. Anaerobic digestion system of wastewater treatment Anaerobic wastewater treatment differs from conventional aerobic treatment in that no aeration is applied. The absence of oxygen leads to controlled anaerobic conversions of organi c pollutants to carbon dioxide and methane, the latter of which can be utilized as energy source. The main advantages of anaerobic treatment are the very high loading rates that can be applied (10 to 20 times as high as in conventional activated sludge treatment) and the very low operating costs. Anaerobic treatment often is very cost-effective in reducing discharge levies combined with the production of reusable energy in the form of biogas. ? Waste heat recovery unit (WHU) The application of a coconut shell carbonization with waste heat recovery unit was developed to virtually eliminate the evolution of noxious smoke evolved during the charcoal-making operation and simultaneously enable the heat generated during the process – heat normally lost to the surroundings – to be used in the production of copra (dried coconut kernels).

The History of Fashion Buyer free essay sample

Fashion buyer existed since 1940s. Thee first time fashion buyer exist was called traveling salesman. Fashion buyer existed because of theres something diï ¬â‚¬erent between design and manufacturing. The existed of fashion buyer because of apparel industry. Apparel industry was born because of the development of mass production. Mass Manufactured and Apparel Industry history Before the American Civil War, most clothing was made by tailors or by individuals or their family members at home. The American Civil war influence the development of men’s ready-made clothing. In the beginning of the Civil War, most uniforms were custom made on workers home. As the war continued, manufacturers started to build factories that could quick and eï ¬Æ'ciently meet the growing demands of the military. Mass production of uniforms necessitated the development of standard sizes. After the war, these military measurement were used to create the first commercial sizing for men. The mass production of women’s clothing developed more slowly. We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Fashion Buyer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Women’s outfits generally continued to be custom made well into 1920s. Later, some factors such as the development of industrial production technique, the rise of advertising industry, the growth of an urban professional class and the development of national market accessed through chain stores and mail order catalogs, contributed to the success of the women’s ready made clothing. During 1920s, simple clothing silhouettes, less expensive man-made fabric and zipper became the trends of the world. In 1930s, the new mass-production methods in factories, using specialized sewing machine, overlockers and power-driven cutting. In the 1960s, couture houses began to launch their own ready-to-wear lines oï ¬â‚¬ering mass-produced clothes in set sizes with a designer label. By the 1975, the real apparel industry was born. Chronology of Fashion Buyer In the 19th century, the dressmaker went to consumer home and worked closely, with the consumer making all decisions. From 1900s, traveling salesmen took place of dressmakers going to consumer home. From 1940s, retail stores become to flourish with their own salesmen to consumers and traveling salesmen from the apparel manufacturers. e manufacturers had tailors, production managers, style specialities and designer. From 1970s, traveling salesmen called as buyers. So I conclude that apparel industry is the reason why fashion buyer existed. Without mass production, manufactured maybe will not built factory to produce clothes for cheaper, more quickly and eï ¬Æ'ciency. And without apparel industry, the jobs between designer and manufactured will not be separate.

African Elephant Essays - Elephants, Elephant, African Bush Elephant

African Elephant Essays - Elephants, Elephant, African Bush Elephant African Elephant The common name is the African Elephant, the scientific name is Loxodonta Africana, the phylum is Vertebrata, the class is Mammalia, the order is Proboscidea, and the family is Elephantidae. The Closest Relatives to the African Elephant are: the Asian Elephant, mammoths, primitive proboscidean (mastodons), sea cows, and hyraxes. Scientists believe that the African Elephant evolved from one of its closest relatives, the Sea Cow. The geographical location and range of the African elephant covers all of central and southern Africa. In Ethiopia there are isolated populations that exist around Lake Chad in Mali and Mauritania. Also in Kenya, Rhodesia, Tanzania, Zambia, Uganda, Zaire, and in National parks located in South Africa, as well as several other countries. African Elephants, originally, were found in all of the Sub-Saharan African habitats except desert steppes. Elephants still occupy diverse habitats such as: temperate grassland, tropical savanna and grass lands, temperate forest and rainforest, tropical rainforest, tropical scrub forest, and tropical deciduous forest despite their drastic decline in numbers. However, their migratory patterns and habitat use have changed, due to the fact that they are restricted to protected areas. The elephant can exist in many types of environments but it prefers places that have many trees and bushes, which the elephant needs both for food and shade. They also like warm areas that have plenty of rainfall. This ensures plenty of food, shade, and water. The elephant prefers a habitat of mixed woodland and grassland which gives them an opportunity to eat a variety of vegetation. African Elephants are considered herbivores, they are both browsers and grazers; they will eat rough sticks, stems and leaves of plants as well as grasses, sedges, and fruit. Their favorites are mangoes, berries and coconuts. An elephant eats up to 500 pounds of vegetation every day and drinks up to 50 gallons of water daily. Elephants must consume these giant quantities of food, due to their poor digestive system. The small intestine is 82 feet long, the large intestine 21 feet long, and the rectum adds a further 13 feet. The problem with the digestive tract lies in their gut; elephants have too few symbiotic bacteria. These are the organisms which help break down the cellulose of plant cell walls by producing enzymes called cellulases. The most remarkable feature of the elephants digestive system is its 5 feet long appendix, bigger than the stomach. Proteins, starches, and sugars are digested in the appendix. The elephant will excrete almost 200 pounds a day of semi-digested food. Elephants live together in strong family units which might have as few as two or as many as twenty members. When the group gets too big, it splits up; but the groups stay in close contact. Elephant life revolves around this unit which is usually headed by the oldest female. The family offers protection, aid, comfort, and teaching to all of its members. Within the units are cows, calves, and bulls. The male bulls are very solitary and most of the time travel only with other males, except during mating season when the bulls travel with the pack looking for a mate. The males remain with the family unit until they are about fourteen and then leave the family to join the other males. The African elephant usually gives birth to one calf every four years. The gestation period is approximately twenty to twenty two years. The newborn calf, which weighs 200-300 pounds and stands about three feet high, is cared for by all of the females in the pack, not just by the mother. The calf may nurse as long as eight years, or until its tusks are too long for the mother. It takes about 14 to 15 years for an elephant to fully mature. They grow to about 10-13 feet tall and 7.5 meters in length and weigh as much as 7 tons. The family will remain together throughout their lives. The elephants body has many special features which it has adapted throughout the centuries to help it survive in its environment. The most important part of the elephants body is its trunk. An elephant uses its trunk for many things. With it, the elephant can pick up objects that weigh as much as 600 lbs. This powerful trunk is also used to beat off attacking animals and sometimes mother elephants use their trunks to swat their babies. The trunk, which is very flexible, can curl over the elephants head so that the elephant can give

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 162

Summary - Essay Example The author contends that historically, America’s supposed invasion and liberation of countries such as Philippines and Iraq often culminates to unsatisfactory outcomes. America’s attempts at creating overseas empires through the use of force have always been catastrophic as witnessed by the Spanish-American war. These attempts have always resulted in the creation of anti-American backlash that threatens the country’s security. The Bush administration scorned international institutions and the idea of a community of power, an approach taken by former President Wilson Woodrow. The administration’s invasion of Iraq bore resemblance to previous invasion attempts of Philippines in 1900, Mexico 1913, and South Vietnam in 1961. Bush’s Administration disregard for the country’s historical experiences in the aforementioned countries resulted to generate anti-America backlash and awaken a rather dormant Iraqi nationalism. The administration’s â €˜war on terror’ saw the country engage itself in a bloody occupation of Iraq. It also served to fuel the stereotypical view of America as the perceived ‘savior’ of the world. This served to enable new recruits along enemy lines. The September 11 2001 attack carried by Al-Qaeda on the US was carried out by 19 persons of non-US nationality via four hijacked US commercial passenger jets in Newark, Boston, and Washington (Murphy 239). The hijacked aircrafts were crashed into the World trade Center in New York, the Pennsylvania countryside, and the Pentagon in Northern Virginia. The nineteen hijackers had worked as a single, integrated group for a period of eighteen months. The six leaders of the group were well educated and trained as pilot having entered the US earlier than the rest of the group. The others were younger and less educated and served to control passengers on the plane. The group was authorized and funded by Osama bin Laden, a Saudi Expatriate based in Afghanistan working through his